Resumen En el presente artículo adoptamos el punto de vista de la Etnopragmática como marco metodológico que nos permite interpretar estrategias lingüísticas a través de su relación con ciertos aspectos culturales que motivan el uso de tales estrategias. En concreto, nos proponemos abordar la relación que existe entre los guiones culturales españoles y las formas de tratamiento nominales de afecto (vocativos de cariño) usadas en el español peninsular. Los guiones culturales parecen una herramienta muy adecuada para explicitar las premisas socioculturales (...) que subyacen a las interpretaciones que hacemos de las funciones que ejercen los vocativos en la cortesía española. Vamos a centrarnos sobre todo en la relación entre los guiones culturales típicamente españoles tales como “expresividad”, “halagar a otro”, “dirigirse a otros con cariño” y “ser amistoso”, así como en los vocativos de cariño alma, vida, cielo y cariño. Para la explicitación, por un lado, del contenido semántico de los vocativos, y, por el otro, de los valores culturales que subyacen a su uso, se aplicará el método de análisis semántico-pragmático desde la perspectiva de la Metalengua Semántica Natural (NSM). (shrink)

I analyze the linguistic picture of the Portuguese emotion saudade, roughly “nostalgia,” in an attempt to show its cultural significance and contradict the view that nostalgia is a marginal feeling, deprived of any practical function.

The first systematic collaboration between cognitive scientists and sports psychologists considers the mind–body relationship from the perspective of athletic skill and sports practice. This landmark work is the first systematic collaboration between cognitive scientists and sports psychologists that considers the mind–body relationship from the perspective of athletic skill and sports practice. With twenty-six chapters by leading researchers, the book connects and integrates findings from fields that range from philosophy of mind to sociology of sports. The chapters show not only that (...) sports can tell scientists how the human mind works but also that the scientific study of the human mind can help athletes succeed. Sports psychology research has always focused on the themes, notions, and models of embodied cognition; embodied cognition, in turn, has found striking confirmation of its theoretical claims in the psychological accounts of sports performance and athletic skill. Athletic skill is a legitimate form of intelligence, involving cognitive faculties no less sophisticated and complex than those required by mathematical problem solving. After presenting the key concepts necessary for applying embodied cognition to sports psychology, the book discusses skill disruption ; sensorimotor skill acquisition and how training correlates to the development of cognitive faculties; the intersubjective and social dimension of sports skills, seen in team sports; sports practice in cultural and societal contexts; the notion of “affordance” and its significance for ecological psychology and embodied cognition theory; and the mind's predictive capabilities, which enable anticipation, creativity, improvisation, and imagination in sports performance. Contributors Ana Maria Abreu, Kenneth Aggerholm, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza, Duarte Araújo, Jürgen Beckmann, Kath Bicknell, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jens E. Birch, Gunnar Breivik, Noel E. Brick, Massimiliano L. Cappuccio, Thomas H. Carr, Alberto Cei, Anthony Chemero, Wayne Christensen, Lincoln J. Colling, Cassie Comley, Keith Davids, Matt Dicks, Caren Diehl, Karl Erickson, Anna Esposito, Pedro Tiago Esteves, Mirko Farina, Giolo Fele, Denis Francesconi, Shaun Gallagher, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Raúl Sánchez-García, Rob Gray, Denise M. Hill, Daniel D. Hutto, Tsuyoshi Ikegami, Geir Jordet, Adam Kiefer, Michael Kirchhoff, Kevin Krein, Kenneth Liberman, Tadhg E. MacIntyre, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, David L. Mann, Richard S. W. Masters, Patrick McGivern, Doris McIlwain, Michele Merritt, Christopher Mesagno, Vegard Fusche Moe, Barbara Gail Montero, Aidan P. Moran, David Moreau, Hiroki Nakamoto, Alberto Oliverio, David Papineau, Gert-Jan Pepping, Miriam Reiner, Ian Renshaw, Michael A. Riley, Zuzanna Rucinska, Lawrence Shapiro, Paula Silva, Shannon Spaulding, John Sutton, Phillip D. Tomporowski, John Toner, Andrew D. Wilson, Audrey Yap, Qin Zhu, Christopher Madan. (shrink)

This book provides a systematic exploration of the relation between knowledge and factual awareness, arguing that knowledge is but one species of factual awareness and that we can understand the possession of objective reasons, the normativity of knowledge, and the nature of knowledge in terms of factual awareness. In this way, the state of factual awareness is, structurally and substantively, a more basic type of state than knowledge. If correct, this undermines a number of ways in which knowledge has been (...) regarded as ‘first’ in recent epistemology. (shrink)

The relation of normic support offers a novel solution to the proof paradox: a paradox in evidence law arising from legal cases involving merely statistical evidence (Smith 2018). Central to the normic support solution has been the thesis that merely statistical evidence cannot confer normic support. However, it has been observed that there are exceptions to this: there exist cases where merely statistical evidence can give rise to normic support (Blome-Tillmann 2020). If correct, this fact seems to undermine the normic (...) support solution to the proof paradox. This paper explores a resolution: normic support can resolve the proof paradox even though merely statistical evidence sometimes gives rise to normic support. The key to understanding this resolution lies with a source of evidential support that arises out of bodies of evidence that involve *character evidence* (Colyvan, et al. 2001). It turns out that character evidence can provide normic support when it is grounded in our knowledge of a certain kind of disposition individuals can have: *goal-directed dispositions*. The upshot is the recovery of the normic support solution to the puzzle of whether statistical evidence can meet legal standards of proof. (shrink)

The orthodox view of anger takes desires for revenge or retribution to be central to the emotion. In this paper, I develop an empirically informed challenge to the retributive view of anger. In so doing, I argue that a distinct desire is central to anger: a desire for recognition. Desires for recognition aim at the targets of anger acknowledging the wrong they have committed, as opposed to aiming for their suffering. In light of the centrality of this desire for recognition, (...) I argue that the retributive view of anger should be abandoned. I consider and dismiss two types of moves that can be made on the part of a proponent of the orthodox view in response to my argument. I propose that a pluralist view, which allows for both retribution and recognition in anger, is to be preferred. (shrink)

Do factive mental states come in degrees? If so, what is their underlying structure, and what is their theoretical significance? Many have observed that ‘knows that’ is not a gradable verb and have taken this to be strong evidence that propositional knowledge does not come in degrees. This paper demonstrates that the adjective ‘aware that’ passes all the standard tests of gradability, and thus strongly motivates the idea that it refers to a factive mental state that comes in degrees. We (...) will explore a range of structural questions that have been overlooked in regard to our awareness of facts, showing that the degreed structure of awareness has significant implications for our understanding of knowledge. (shrink)

Philosophy Compass, Volume 17, Issue 4, April 2022.

The special composition question asks, roughly, under what conditions composition occurs. The common sense view is that composition only occurs among some things and that all and only ‘ordinary objects’ exist. Peter van Inwagen has marshaled a devastating argument against this view. The common sense view appears to commit one to giving what van Inwagen calls a ‘series-style answer’ to the special composition question, but van Inwagen argues that series-style answers are impossible because they are inconsistent with the transitivity of (...) parthood. In what follows I answer this objection in addition to other, less troubling objections raised by van Inwagen. (shrink)

This article deals with two questions: why would the way in which the neopyrronicle conducts his philosophical activity be more virtuous than his dogmatic, non-pyrrhic colleague does? And why would the result he achieves be more valuable? That said, my answer to the first question is that the way the neo-Pyrrhonian investigates is more virtuous because it seeks to deliberately avoid the vices of precipitation, arrogance and mental closure. Regarding the second question, I suggest that the outcome of the neopyronic (...) investigation, whatever it may be (even if it is not the truth) is more valuable because of the way he conducts his investigation. (shrink)

Este texto visa questionar as construções racistas que fundamentaram discursos sobre a irracionalidade de não europeus. Apontamos alguns posicionamentos de filósofos que corroboraram para a construção do racismo científico. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. O objetivo foi, por meio de propostas decoloniais, mostrar que africanos inventaram o objeto matemático fração, bem como sua notação atual. Os mais antigos registros históricos sobre esse objeto são os antigos papiros keméticos, sendo o Papiro de Ahmes, o mais importante deles. Mostramos exemplos (...) da forma hierática de representar frações e recorremos ao Mito Hórus, deus kemético para mostrar que frações estavam relacionadas ao cotidiano da civilização egípcia antiga. (shrink)

This paper discusses how Thomas Aquinas and some Neo-Thomists scholars (Juan José Urráburu, Joseph Hontheim, Édouard Hugon, and Joseph Gredt) analysed the metaphysical possibility of miracles. My main goal is to unpack the metaphysical toolbox that Aquinas uses to solve the basic question about the possibility of miracles and to compare how his late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century followers solved the issue themselves. The key feature to differentiate the two approaches will reside in their use of different notions to account (...) for the possibility of miracles, namely obediential potency for Aquinas and the laws of nature for the Neo-Thomists. To show why neo-Thomist scholars source to this notion, I also briefly discuss how the notion of the laws of nature emerged in the seventeenth century. (shrink)

No presente artigo analisamos o entendimento e o uso da filosofia kantiana pelo físico filósofo alemão Werner Heisenberg, prêmio Nobel de Física de 1932, formulador do princípio de incerteza. Heisenberg parece adotar uma compreensão neokantiana da natureza da ciência, segundo a qual a ciência não trataria do real em si, mas apenas do modo como ele aparece, o que depende, inescapavelmente, da interação entre o sujeito e o objeto do conhecimento. No entanto, a despeito de tal posição, Heisenberg considera que (...) as definições kantianas de “espaço”, “tempo” e “causalidade” não são compatíveis com os desenvolvimentos da mecânica quântica. Nesta oportunidade nos deteremos com mais atenção na concepção de ciência e no problema da causalidade. (shrink)

We have to gain from recognizing a relation between epistemic agents and the parts of subject matters that play a role in their cognitive lives. I call this relation “grasping”. Namely, I zone in on one notion of having a partial grasp of a subject matter—that of agents grasping part of the subject matter that they are attending to—and characterize it. I propose that giving up the idealization that we fully grasp the subject matters we attend to allows one to (...) more realistically characterize the epistemic life of agents. To show this, I propose an epistemic logic with partial grasp that has in mind considerations from first-order aboutness theory with the aim of avoiding certain forms of logical omniscience, and which provides an alternative to immanent closure (Yablo Aboutness, Princeton University Press, 2014). (shrink)

Although it is now commonplace to take emotions to be the sort of phenomena for which there are reasons, the question of how to cash out the reason-responsiveness of emotions remains to a large extent unanswered. I highlight two main ways of thinking about reason-responsiveness, one that takes agential capacities to engage in norm-guided deliberation to underlie reason-responsiveness, and another which instead takes there to be a basic reason-relation between facts and attitudes. I argue that the latter approach should be (...) preferred. Not only does a reasons-basic approach promise to fare better in accounting for cases that its opponent struggles to accommodate, but it promises also to uncover a sui generis relation between emotions and their reasons which is at best obscured and at worst denied by its opponent. (shrink)

O CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES RELIGIOSAS.

O principal objetivo deste artigo é acompanhar o diálogo dos filósofos György Lukács e Carlos Nelson Coutinho acerca do legado literário de Franz Kafka. O núcleo de nossos esforços consiste na análise da tentativa de superação da abordagem lukacsiana por parte de Coutinho. Na realização dessa tarefa, conferimos atenção às dicas oferecidas pelo mestre húngaro ao discípulo baiano quanto aos limites de sua própria leitura de Kafka.

O objetivo do artigo consiste em analisar, a partir dos parágrafos 34 a 38 da obra Kant e o problema da metafísica e segundo a exegese heideggeriana, o sentido e pertinência da inserção da problemática antropológica anteposta às três questões fundamentais expostas na Crítica da razão pura. Heidegger converte um rol exaustivo, delimitado pelas três perguntas, em um rol exemplificado, ao colocar a indagação da antropologia filosófica como pressuposto e consequência necessária das três interrogações kantianas. Heidegger recorre ao conceito de (...) finitude, para validar a importância e para fundamentar a primazia da questão antropológica sobre as demais: a interrogação “que é o homem” transforma-se na primeira que dispensa, a partir de si, as três restantes. Na finitude estão circunscritas as discussões sobre o tempo, a autoafecção pura, a imaginação e o tempo originário. É na finitude que estão os verdadeiros sinais ou ecos da antropologia filosófica kantiana. (shrink)

Starting from Flusser’s most explicit statements about irony, self-irony, and the Devil, I try to make some sense of the relations, in Flusser’s thought, between language, reality and scepticism. And, perhaps most importantly, I try to clarify Flusser’s notion of the role of philosophy proper. This analysis will bring us to a puzzling spectrum I see hovering over Flusser’s ideas: the eradication of boundaries between the ontological and the ethical. That is what I call Flusser’s radical immanent monism.

Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer a dança sagrada na memória Bergosoniana através das comunidades de terreiros, compreendida como expressões corporais representadas através da materialiação dos corpos e memória no que diz respeito ao movimento, na dança e toque da Orixá Oxum. Embalados pela problemática de como a dança sagrada nos terreiros de candomblé da nação Ketu/Nagô reflete a memória em movimento trazida por Bergson? Com isso propomos um recorte da memória com base em Bergson que nos ajudam á situar (...) a memória em movimentos ancestrais através dos acontecimentos que resultam nas relações sociais de grupos que contribuem através de depoimentos, contatos, lembranças, expressões e recordações construídas sobre um fundamento da dança. Como metodologia de pesquisa, fizemos uma busca no acervo utilizando o referencial teórico de Bergson em as suas publicações correntes na qual, concluímos que a memória exerce papel fundamental para preservação e também para estudos e pesquisas deste universo sagrado. (shrink)

Em Meu pensamento filosófico, Bertrand Russell afirma que a segunda filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein lhe parecia inteiramente ininteligível e constituída de doutrinas positivas triviais e de doutrinas negativas infundadas. Essas críticas ainda hoje são largamente consideradas como decorrentes do fato de Russell não ter compreendido as ideias tardias de Wittgenstein. Em oposição a esse julgamento, neste artigo argumenta-se que o diagnóstico póstumo de que Wittgenstein era autista suscita uma nova interpretação tanto de suas doutrinas positivas quanto de suas doutrinas negativas, (...) levando a uma revalorização do parecer de Russell sobre elas. (shrink)

O presente trabalho visa refletir sobre a experiência vivenciada durante os Estágios Supervisionados em Filosofia III e IV, as dificuldades encontradas, as descobertas no contato direto com a sala de aula e os aprendizados proporcionados ao graduando, de fundamental importancia para a constituição de sua identidade profissional.

Background: The new human coronavirus that leads to COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world and has a high degree of lethality. In more severe cases, patients remain hospitalized for several days under treatment of the health team. Thus, it is important to develop and use technologies with the aim to strengthen conventional therapy by encouraging movement, physical activity, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness for patients. In this sense, therapies for exposure to virtual reality are promising and have been shown to (...) be an adequate and equivalent alternative to conventional exercise programs.Aim: This is a study protocol with the aim of comparing the conventional physical therapy intervention with the use of a non-immersive VR software during COVID-19 hospitalization.Methods: Fifty patients hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be divided in two groups under physiotherapy treatment using conventional or VR intervention: Group A: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day of the protocol with VR tasks in the morning and then in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform the conventional exercises and Group B: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day with conventional exercises in the morning and in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform activity with VR. All participants will be evaluated with different motor and physiologic scales before and after the treatment to measure improvements.Conclusion: Considering the importance of benefits from physical activity during hospitalization, VR software shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving physical activity. The results of this study may provide new insights into hospital rehabilitation.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04537858. Registered on 01 September 2020. (shrink)

Ao desenvolver a sua concepção materialista da história, Marx elabora, ao mesmo tempo, uma crítica ao pensamento hegeliano acompanhada de uma crítica à economia política. Tais críticas estão condensadas principalmente em suas obras de juventude, dentre elas destaca-se a Miséria da Filosofia. O presente texto objetiva, a partir dessa obra, dissertar sobre a metafísica da economia política cuja crítica dirige-se principalmente à Proudhon, em resposta à sua obra Filosofia da Miséria na qual Proudhon, tenta, num viés metafísico, fornecer as bases (...) para os problemas sociais, através da aplicação da dialética de Hegel ao método da economia política. Para Marx, a ideologia proudhoniana expressa em tal obra apresenta-se totalmente reformista e utópica. Em contraposição ao pensamento de Proudhon, e simultaneamente explicitando os fundamentos constitutivos da teoria do ser social tecido pelo modo de produção capitalista, Marx publica em 1847 a sua obra Miséria da Filosofia em resposta à Filosofia da Miséria de Proudhon. (shrink)

Sem a ambição de expor todas as aproximações e contradições entre o Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens, de Jean Jacques Rousseau, e o Livro da Gênesis Bíblica, o presente texto tem por finalidade realizar um estudo comparativo entre essas duas obras, visando propor uma reflexão em torno do mito do jardim do Éden, assim como se encontra exposta tal história na Bíblia, em contraponto com a obra do iluminista Jean-Jacques, ressaltando os elementos de (...) identificação, a proposição do sujeito autônomo sem valer-se do princípio de autoridade além dos limites da racionalidade. Se Rousseau foi leitor assíduo da Bíblia, isso não significa a exigência de uma discussão sobre a fundamentação dogmática e transcendental quando se discute a tentativa de definição das origens do ser humano. Tal proposta desperta teses e argumentos em torno das afinidades e distanciamentos entre o estado de natureza e as origens bíblicas. Assim, pretende-se responder se Rousseau efetivamente propõe um ponto de vista racional/naturalista dos sentimentos cristãos, servindo-se do tema para estabelecer suas duras críticas à religião e suas práticas. (shrink)

Entre Mead e Heidegger: a interioridade desdobrada e a formaçâo humana Resumo: O artigo visa aproximar a abordagem da psicologia social de Mead e a perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial de Martin Heidegger da noção de interioridade desdobrada. Tal aproximação permite sustentar que há uma radical e inseparável reciprocidade entre homem/mulher e mundo. A radicalidade de tal reciprocidade suplanta a dicotomia interioridade e exterioridade, reaproximando o corpo do tempo, lugar mesmo da abertura existencial humana. Apresenta-se a noção de “self” como processo e a (...) mente como resposta comportamental interativa com vistas a relacioná-la ao modo de ser-no-mundo. Também, uma breve incursão à psicologia de viés fenomenológico-existencial, buscando articular o interacionismo de Mead e a analítica existencial de Heidegger e suas implicações para o campo da formação humana.Palavras-chave: Self. Dasein. Interioridade desdobrada. Formação humana Between Mead and Heidegger: the unfolded interiority and the human formation: The article aims to approximate Mead's approach to social psychology and Martin Heidegger's phenomenological-existential perspective to the notion of unfolded interiority. Such an approach allows us to maintain that there is a radical and inseparable reciprocity between man / woman and the world. The radicality of such reciprocity supersedes the dichotomy interiority and exteriority, bringing the body of time closer together, the very place of human existential openness. The notion of “self” as a process and the mind as an interactive behavioral response is presented in order to relate it to the way of being in the world. Also, a brief foray into existential-phenomenological psychology, seeking to articulate Mead's interactionism and Heidegger's existential analytics and their implications for the field of human formationKeywords: Self. Dasein. Unfolded interiority. Human Formation. Entre Mead y Heidegger: la interioridad desarrollada y la formación humana Resumen: El artículo tiene como objetivo aproximar el enfoque de Mead a la psicología social y la perspectiva fenomenológica-existencial de Martin Heidegger a la noción desplegada de interioridad. Tal enfoque nos permite mantener que existe una reciprocidad radical e inseparable entre el hombre / mujer y el mundo. La radicalidad de tal reciprocidad suplanta la dicotomía de interioridad y exterioridad, devolviendo al cuerpo al tiempo, el lugar de la apertura existencial humana. La noción de "yo" se presenta como un proceso y la mente como una respuesta interactiva de comportamiento para relacionarlo con la forma de ser-en-el-mundo. Además, una breve incursión en la psicología del sesgo fenomenológico-existencial, buscando articular el interaccionismo de Mead y el análisis existencial de Heidegger y sus implicaciones para el campo de la formación humana.Palabras clave: auto. Dasein Interioridad desplegada. Formación humana Data de registro: 27/07/2020Data de aceite: 08/12/2020. (shrink)

Erigir o aumento da riqueza e da abundância como um objetivo primordial para a vita activa já se desenhava como premissa axiomática da economia política clássica, além do sonho idealizado dos pobres e despossuídos. Havia, no entanto, certa esperança utópica de que, ao viver em uma sociedade com maior abastança, as pessoas cidadãs buscariam mais plenamente o desenvolvimento de apropriada abstenção consciente do trabalho e do consumo em seu tempo livre, ou seja: que isento da dor e do esforço de (...) trabalhar e consumir, o animal laborans tornar-se-ia produtivo para si próprio, nutrindo-se de atividades “superiores”. No entanto, de quanto mais horas vagas dispõe o laborans, maiores são seus apetites de consumo e, sobretudo, uma sociedade abundante expõe devidamente a falácia do raciocínio anterior, uma vez que tudo pode ser reificado e comercializado. Esse artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno da sociedade de consumo contemporânea como engrenagem do ciclo vital, descrevendo de que modo, presas em seus próprios processos de trabalho e consumo, as pessoas cidadãs desfrutam apenas de uma política instrumental. Essa alienação promove a vitória do animal laborans sobre o zoon politikon. (shrink)

The purpose of this research is to gain a complete understanding of how students and faculty in higher education perceive the role of AI tools, their impact on academic integrity, and their potential benefits and threats in the educational milieu, while taking into account ways to help curb its disadvantages. Drawing upon a qualitative approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of faculty members and students in higher education, in universities across Lebanon. These interviews were analyzed and (...) coded using NVivo software, allowing for the identification of recurring themes and the extraction of rich qualitative data. The findings of this study illuminated a spectrum of perceptions. While ChatGPT and AI tools are recognized for their potential in enhancing productivity, promoting interactive learning experiences, and providing tailored support, they also raise significant concerns regarding academic integrity. This research underscores the need for higher education institutions to carefully navigate the integration of AI tools like ChatGPT. It calls for the formulation of clear policies and guidelines for their ethical and responsible use, along with comprehensive support and training. This study contributes to the existing literature by presenting a comprehensive exploration of the perceptions of both students and faculty regarding AI tools in higher education, through a qualitative rich approach. By delving into the intricate dynamics of ChatGPT and academic integrity, this study offers fresh insights into the evolving educational landscape and the ongoing dialogue between technology and ethics. (shrink)

The following paper presents and discuses the epistemological premises of one of the relativistic expressions of the so-called constructivism i.e. the social constructionism. Firstly, we trace constructivism’s theoretical origins and later, we distinguish the main ideas of Kenneth Gergen’s social constructionist proposal. The analysis is done in the following way: (a) we analyse the epistemological premises and the philosophical problems arising from them, and (b) we analyse the problematic impact these premises have in the praxis of social sciences. Finally, we (...) conclude that the exclusion of clear philosophical distinctions inside social constructionism undermines social constructionism’s plausibility. El siguiente artículo presenta y discute los postulados epistemológicos de una de las expresiones relativistas del denominado constructivismo i.e. el construccionismo social. En primer momento, se rastrean los orígenes teóricos del constructivismo y, posteriormente, se distinguen los principales postulados del construccionismo social de Kenneth Gergen. El análisis se realiza del siguiente modo: (a) Se analizan los supuestos epistemológicos y los problemas filosóficos derivados de éstos, y (b) Se analizan las consecuencias que los postulados construccionistas tienen en la praxis que llevan a cabo las ciencias sociales. Finalmente, se concluye que la exclusión de distinciones filosóficas claras por parte del construccionismo social le resta plausibilidad al enfoque. (shrink)

At first, it must be said that the existence of God is the great affirmation presupposed by the Bible. The Bible does not attempt to prove the existence of God, it simply takes this existence as a fact. The great Reformed theologian Louis Berkhof says: "For us the existence of God is the great presupposition of theology." In fact, no theologian could deny the existence of God, as this automatically would cause him to be without profession. But throughout history, philosophers (...) and theologians have debated whether the human mind can be sure of God's existence. Does the existence of God is a matter that must be accepted by faith itself? Or is it possible, from reason and rational arguments to prove the existence of God? (shrink)

AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: DA CULTURA DE LITIGÂNCIA À SOLUÇÃO CONSENSUAL.

This work examines the case for international compensation programs for reasonably justly formed majority cultures facing threats due to the ordinary functioning of globalization. While many “majority rights” claims cannot withstand scrutiny, standard liberal-democratic arguments for minority rights couched in concerns about cultural vulnerability now apply to several majority cultures. Parity of reasoning from the minority rights literature thus provides some reasonably justly formed majorities with claims to cultural protections. Domestic laws are unlikely to adequately protect against transnational threats, and (...) some would threaten minority rights. But majority cultural vulnerability presents an injustice that international institutions should address. A well-designed international compensation scheme could maintain recognized benefits of globalization while compensating those who lose part of their cultural identity as a result. The following motivates and provides preliminary details on how to design a scheme. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar um panorama geral acerca da realidade pastoral da região metropolitana de Campinas. Como todos os grandes centros urbanos, Campinas exibe uma condição bastante complexa, repleta de contradições, belezas e desafios. Jesus, como homem histórico, sensível e inserido nas realidades de seu tempo, respondeu também às situações de sua época e nos dá pistas para respondermos de modo satisfatório aos fiéis de nosso tempo. Neste artigo, para a atividade eclesial diante de tais realidades metropolitanas, (...) são enumeradas sugestões, assumidas em nosso sétimo Plano de Pastoral Orgânica da Arquidiocese, no que diz respeito às atuações de pastorais, movimentos e outros organismos. Dessa forma, visamos, na práxis de Jesus de Nazaré, tornar os pobres protagonistas de suas vidas no exercício da evangelização, na realidade pastoral em que vivemos. (shrink)

En el escenario de la pandemia COVID-19 en 2020 y 2021, el ensayo presenta fragmentos narrativos de encuentros con niños y maestros que se basan en el concepto de acontecimiento. En los espacios tiempos presenciales suspendidos, cuando se interrumpe el ir y venir entre el hogar y la escuela, la pregunta es: ¿De qué otras formas podría suceder? Estas novedades abren posibilidades de adentro hacia afuera, a través de las pantallas de computadoras y teléfonos celulares.

The Kemetic or Egyptian civilization is one of the first great cultures of the ancient world, dating back to time immemorial. Kemet (Egypt) is known for its magnificent monuments, the pyramids, as well as for its belief in the immortality of the soul, to which they dedicated an entire cult and a specific book for ceremonies and formulas in the afterlife, the Book of the Dead. In addition to these fundamental references, we must also include his understanding of the cosmic (...) order and its efficiency in human life, hence the fundamental concept of Maat (order, justice and truth). Maat is represented as a deity, daughter of Ra, wife of Thoth, but mainly as a philosophical concept that is the basis of all her culture and thought. We intend to present this concept in the historical periods of Egyptian civilization, present in wisdom literature (Sebayt), as a basis for its constitution as a founding principle of Egyptian philosophy (Kemetics), by extension, of philosophies in Africa and its influence among the Greeks. (shrink)

John Stuart Mill is central to parallel debates in mainstream contemporary political epistemology and philosophy of federalism concerning the epistemic dimension(s) of legitimate authority. Many scholars invoke Mill to support epistemic arguments for democratic decision-making and decentralized federalism as a means of conferring democratic legitimacy. This article argues that Millian considerations instead provide reason to reject common epistemic arguments for decentralized federalism. Combining Mill's own insights about the epistemic costs of decentralization and recent work in philosophy, politics, and economics undermines (...) purportedly Millian arguments for federalism focused on political experimentation, diversity and participation. Contrary to many interpretations, Millian considerations weaken, rather than strengthen, arguments for federalism. Any valid justification for federalism must instead rest on non-epistemic considerations. This conclusion is notable regardless of how one interprets Mill. But it also supports Mill's stated preference for local decisions subject to central oversight. (shrink)

Los indicadores de producción científica son elementos importantes para comprender la dinámica del conocimiento. Desde esta perspectiva, se pretende mapear autores de referencia en Ciencias de la Información a partir de publicaciones en los anales del GT1 del Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informação (ENANCIB). Se buscó identificar los acoplamientos bibliográficos de estos autores, presenta grupos de autores/referencias del corpus analizado y la co-ocurrencia de palabras clave. El corpus de la investigación se constituyó mediante la extracción de datos (...) de resúmenes ampliados y comunicaciones completas publicadas entre 2018 y 2023. Se extrajeron los siguientes elementos: tipo de investigación, nombre del primer autor, título, palabras clave, resumen y las referencias. Se extrajeron los siguientes elementos: tipo de investigación, nombre del primer autor, título, palabras clave, resumen y referencias. Se analizaron 109 documentos y se extrajeron 2369 referencias. Harold Borko y Tefko Saracevic y sus respectivas investigaciones “Information Science: What is it?” (1968) y “Ciência da Informação: origem, evolução e relações” (1996) presentaron mayor representación, referenciada al 10,09% de la producción analizada. Rafael Capurro, con ““Epistemologia e Ciência da Informação” (2003), y Tefko Saracevic, también con “Ciência da Informação: origem, evolução e relações” (1996), fueron los autores referenciados en el 9,17% del universo de investigación. El análisis de la producción también resultó en dos conglomerados, uno con 45 publicaciones y el otro con 22 publicaciones. La palabra clave “Ciencias de la Información” fue el término de mayor ocurrencia, totalizando el 22,02% del corpus de documentos, seguida por los términos “Epistemología”, con el 10,09% e “Interdisciplinariedad”, con el 7,34% del total. Las obras más referenciadas, tanto identificadas de forma singular como mediante acoplamiento bibliográfico, se alinean con el alcance del GT1 de ENANCIB. (shrink)

With a higher prevalence in schizophrenia, delusions of thought insertion (TI) are regarded as one of the most severe symptoms of psychosis. Patients suffering from TI report that external agents are able to place thoughts into their minds or skulls. A version of the doxastic approach characterizes delusions as abnormal beliefs rooted in anomalous experiences. Nonetheless, the exact role of these experiences in determining the content and the way in which delusional beliefs are fixated is still under debate. While _endorsement_ (...) models claim that the abnormal experience comprises the very content of the delusional beliefs, _explanationist_ approaches claim that delusional beliefs emerge as explanations for abnormal experiences with less specific content. This paper combines conceptual analysis with phenomenological data to examine the merits of both endorsement and explanationist approaches to TI. I propose that potential solutions to the dispute could lay in finding a middle ground between the two approaches, and non-exhaustive ways in which hybrid doxastic approaches to TI could be formulated. (shrink)

Este estudo investigou práticas educativas de pais e educadores sociais e estratégias de coping adotadas por crianças abrigadas. Participaram da pesquisa 20 crianças, entre sete e 11 anos. Elas responderam a duas entrevistas, que objetivavam identificar práticas educativas e problemas nos ambientes ..

Tem-se por objetivo, (a) caracterizar comportamentos de 47 cuidadores primários e de seus filhos que buscaram atendimento, (b) comparar grupos, abandono x participantes, menino x menina. Os participantes responderam à entrevista (RE-HSE-P), inventário (IHS-Del Prette) e escalas (Escala de Assertivid..